The nursing process is a logical model and is based on the scientific method of problem-solving skills by presenting a logical sequence of stages:
- The data collection
- The diagnostic process
- The formulation of nursing diagnosis
- Establishment of specific goals of the patient
- The planning
- Identifying the most appropriate nursing interventions
- The implementation of interventions
- The assessment
The diagnostic process is the set of skills that nurses acquire in order to make a clinical judgment about the health problems of nursing competence.
It should be noted, once again, the particular significance in nursing that is attributed to the term "diagnosis": If the disease tells, "the inclusion of a clinical or symptomatic orderly system of medical science in the taxonomic sense," in ' nursing care with it refers to the identification, because of the assumptions of a conceptual model of nursing care and within the criteria set by the method adopted, the health problems attributed to the specific nursing, not at all coincident with the known diseases and classified by medical science.
The intervention made by the nurse specialist, ie the selection and implementation of nursing actions in response to identified needs, must be framed in a process of inquiry, made from a collection of information and their classification.
The situation develops in which the diagnostic process first requires that you understand the person assisted in its entirety. In fact, the needs, as well as other interesting aspects to the planning of nursing care (any illness, expectations for health, family and social background, etc..), Can not be analyzed as independent realities. Nurse, for their special needs to whom he reports, the interested person himself, as a whole and not a single organ or system or a particular aspect of character or temperament of the person. This concern, however, must not contravene the requirements of a rigorous selection of information.
The particular nature of the need of nursing care requires the collection of quantitative and qualitative data.
The identification of a need for nursing is in fact based on the measurement of both signs belonging to the size bio-physiological (eg, the amount of sugar employed in a given time interval), both on the collection of information belonging to the size and psychological sociocultural (eg, styles and eating habits culturally learned).
The diagnostic process includes the study of the main techniques for collecting data.
The first phase, identification of nursing diagnosis is really the assessment, which involves collecting data through interviews, observation and physical examination.
The information obtained regarding patient demographics, lifestyle habits, health problems prior, subjective symptoms and objective data (temperature, pulse, blood pressure, breathing patterns).
The data collection usually takes place, through the compilation of special cards (which make up the folder nursing) which, while having some elements of the common basic such as the registry part, can in part be built on the basis of experience and the needs of individual operating units.
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